Peterswald

Among the Germans who settled in the land of the Pržmyslids in the 13th century was a Thuringian named Peter .   As leader of a group of settlers, he laid around 1240 the foundation stone to the settlement Peterswald on the northern slope of the eastern Erzgebirge at 551 m altitude (base of the later church), located in the valley of one above the village at 661 m altitude and opening into the Gottleuba creeks.   The forest hooves were created on both sides of the village stream between 433 m and 661 m altitude in an extension of 5 kilometers along the creek.  For the construction of the farms to the original 79 hooves, the groundwater conditions were authoritative, so that the village was slightly off the already existing road – the salt road that connected Bohemia with Saxony – was created.   The valley, in which it spread, gradually falls from Nollendorfer Kamm (674 m) in the direction of Saxony.   The surrounding heights, which offer more rewarding views to the north than to the south, are the Bernhardsberg (613 m), the Kralberg (583 m), the Hirschberg (581 m) and the Schlösserberg (599 m).

The name Peterswald first appeared in its German form in 1352 when the then existing church was mentioned for the first time.    Very often the Latin name Petrisilva was used.   In the place name, the name of that Peter has been preserved, as an entrepreneur (locator) took over the area determined by the sovereign to found a village against a specific “guide” and undertook to populate it with settlers in a certain time.   For his trouble, he received a free hoof and certain privileges, such as the village jurisdiction and the right of beer and salt shakers.

Since 1352, the patrons of the church in Peterswald were the lords of Wartenberg , who were rich in northern Bohemia, Benesch von Wartenberg (1367-1371) on Tetschen, Sigmund von Wartenberg (1429) on Blankenstein and his cousin Johann (1452), which was in dispute with the Elector of Meissen about the jurisdiction of Peterswald.   The border with Saxony, which is partly the northern border of Peterswald, was not established until 1459 on the “Day of Eger”.   Pirna, Gottleuba and other places belonging to the Deanery of Aussig – such as Königstein, Reinhardsdorf, Hermsdorf, Markersbach, Ölsen and Rosenthal – were ceded to Meissen.  In 1506 Peterswald, Nollendorf and Schoenwald formed an accessory to the rule of Graupen and remained until the sale of this rule in 1579.

Nollendorf

The founding of Nollendorf 674 m above sea level (base of the church) directly on Erzgebirgskamm was already around the year 1100, about the same time with the places Zinnwald and Graupen.   Nollendorf was a Waldhufendorf with 35 Huben.

Nollendorf owed its foundation to the surrounding gold and silver deposits.   One document said that trout had been found in the bowels of trouts caught in Grabenwegbach.   This caused Harzer and Thüringer Bergleute to migrate to Erzgebirgskamm in order to first sift out the gold and silver granules from the sand and rubble moraines.   Later, not only silver ore but also iron and chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite were mined in small tunnels and in the “blessing of God” mine.   The Zechberg, 792 m high, had gotten its name through this colliery.

Originally Nollendorf reached between Hornkuppe and Schielhaushöhe up to the Zechberg.   The village stretched from Keiblerberg down to the foot of the Wagnerberg at Königswald.    The wooded gorge below the village called the miners after the Middle High German word telle , In Tellenz or In Tellz .   This later gave rise to the name Tellnitz for the neighboring village lying in the valley.   Because the miners lived on the mountain, they called their place of residence Nollendorf, derived from Nolle (mhd = tip or hill).   In German dialect, the place until the last still pronounced “Nolndarf” or “Nolndorf”.

The climate in the upper part of the village was very harsh but healthy due to the high and exposed location.   Dense fog often occurred.   The climate in the lower part of the village was much milder.   The inhabitants were largely fed on the crops of agriculture.   Rye, oats, potatoes, cabbage, turnips, vetches and clover were grown.   While apples, pears, plums and cherries flourished in the lower part of the village, in the upper village at most the wild cherry trees were found.   At the end of the 19th century, craftsmanship satisfied the most necessary needs.   In the lower village stood a mill.   Part of the residents operated velvet weaving, whose products were delivered to Königswald and Peterswald.   Also with hops was traded.

Nollendorf gained great importance due to its geographical location on a Erzgebirgspaß, which gave it its name.   One of the oldest ways that connected Bohemia with Saxony, led across the village.   The streams “Luhpuhc” near Nollendorf and “Olesnice” near Peterswald were signposts through the then dense border forest.   This path also formed the western border for the “Johanniterwald”, which had been given in 1169 to the Order of St. John the Knights by King Vladislav of Bohemia .   At Nollendorf ended the Erzgebirge with its granite and gneiss formation, and it began the Elbe Sandstone Mountains.

Around 1310 the Lords of Lungwitz (from Saxony) became owners of Nollendorf.   In 1404 they exchanged this property for a good at Doppitz with Wenzel von Wartenberg on Blankenstein.   The Wartenbergers were interested in Nollendorf for strategic reasons because they were able to observe the villages of Peterswald and Schoenwald from the Nollendorfer Heights, which at that time belonged to Meissen.   From 1495 also Nollendorf was under the diocese of Meissen.   In 1506 Nollendorf and Peterswald came to rule Graupen.   In the list of possessions of the rule Graupen, dated January 20, 1507, among other things, the Klatower Meierhof is called.   With Klatow today’s Nollendorf should have been meant.  Only in a later directory (1537) is the place expressly called Nollendorf.

Schoenwald and Jungferndorf

At the beginning of the 12th century Böhmischkahn, Deutschkahn, Peterswald, Nollendorf and pulcher mons (= Schönberg), which later became Schoenwald, are called as church towns of the eastern Erzgebirge.   Schoenwald was then in possession of the Order of St. John, to which Vladislav I – at the request of his brother Henry – had given a forest near Olsenice, later Oelsen.   This forest extended to the middle forest Hwojen at Böhmischkahn.   The Johanniter favored the German colonization of northern Bohemia.

Around the year 1322, the Wartenberger acquired shares of Johannitergebietes and occupied a few years after the parish foundation of Königswald, Peterswald, Schönwald and Kulm.   Later Schönwald belonged to the rule Graupen, which belonged to the gentlemen on Kolditz.   Towards the middle of the 15th century, Hans von Kolditz fought for Graupen and Johann the Younger von Wartenberg for disputed territories and indefinite borders.   On 2 January 1487 Timo von Kolditz sold the rule Graupen to Ernst von Schönburg on Glauchau in Saxony.   After that, the owners of barley changed quite often, until April 24, 1537 Wenzel von Wartenbergthe rule, which at that time comprised 24 towns and villages, was bought.   Between 1537 and 1545 Electoral Saxon and Royal Bohemian commissions arbitrated border disputes.   The clashes also covered a stream at Schönwald, which claimed the Bünau on Lauenstein for themselves.   Only the good agreement of Emperor Ferdinand with Moritz of Saxony put an end to the border disputes.   The boundary was then determined as it still exists today: it ran from there close to the villages Zinnwald, Voitsdorf, Müglitz, track forest, Schönwald and Peterswald, all of which belonged to Bohemia, while Bienhof, Kleppisch and Rosental to Meissen in the Land of Saxony were beaten.

When Wenzel joined Wartenberg after 1546 of the Emperor’s enemies, he was found guilty of lese majeste and declared his estate in Graupen to be forfeit.   The property fell to the King of Bohemia.   On January 15, 1580, Emperor Rudolf II sold the villages Schoenwald, Nollendorf and Peterswald along with forest roads at the Upper Tellnitz and Sernitz for 12,146 shock ¹ and 29 groschen to the penny master (paymaster) Tam (Damian) of Sebottendorf, who made his acquisitions to a Gutsherrschaft based in Schönwald.

In the topography of the Leitmeritz circle from the year 1787 – written by the religious priest of the religious schools, Jaroslaus Schaller , the place Schoenwald is described as follows: Schoenwald, a village of 172 numbers, with a castle and Meyerhof, lies in high mountains at the extreme Saxon borders, 14 post-miles ² from Prague, 2 miles from Außig, 2½ miles from Teplitz and 4 miles from Dresden.   The town flows through a coming from the nearby trout ponds Mühlbach, which drives in the village 11 Mahl- and 3 Brettmühlen.  At the lower part of the village, a small stream, falling down from the hills, trickles past, dividing the border between Bohemia and Saxony and soon uniting with the anticipated Mühlbache. Right behind this border are two Saxon houses grown.   Not far away from there is the so-called Spitzberg, from whose summit on sunny days the cities of Pirna and Dresden, the fortress Königstein and other remote areas can easily be excluded.   The German farmer seeks his food here mainly in the spinning and a few flax and arable farming, but the rough and impetuous weather as well as the frequent summer frosts because only grain and oats.

This description of the place and its surroundings is followed by another in the 1833 issue of the topography of the Leitmeritz circle by Johann Gottfried Sommer : Schoenwald, on the northwestern slope of the Erzgebirge, flowing in a south-to-northwest, from which go to Saxony Gottleuba Bach Tale and situated at the southern foot of the Spitzberg, is a village of 261 houses with 1,657 inhabitants, which reaches almost to the Saxon border, 5 miles from Leitmeritz, 2½ miles from Teplitz and ½ mile from Peterswald, the nearest post office ,   (The place) has a stately castle with the seat of the magisterial office, 1 brew house on 24 barrel ³ 4 buckets, 1 distillery, 1 farm and 1 sheep farm; 4 inns, 12 grinding mills, 1 oil and mill mill and 3 board mills.   In the donated by Joseph Rudolph Count von Schönfeldt and built in 1706 and endowed spital 7 arms are fed.

Nothing can be said about the age of the local parish church “To the Assumption of the Virgin Mary”, which was rebuilt in 1790 and consecrated in 1795, since the Lutheran pastors took all documents and parish registers with them when emigrating.   The oldest existing records of re-established Catholic pastors do not go beyond the year 1649.   From March 30, 1655 to July 4, 1671, the pastoral care of the PP Dominicans is provided to Außenig, after which time a separate pastor was hired.   At present, both the church and the school are under the patronage of the authorities.   To the parish of this parish belongs apart from Schönwald itself no other place.  The villages of Peterswald, Nollendorf and Böhmischkahn, which in former times were eingepfarrt to Schoenwald, have been later separated under their own pastors.

About 1¾ miles northwest of Nollendorf is located on Schönwalder Rustic reasons the basalt existing Spitzberg near the Saxon border, so that its northern foot touches the territory of the Kingdom of Saxony.   He is also called the saddle mountain there, because he resembles a saddle from Dresden and its surroundings.   The view from this mountain covers not only Dresden and its surroundings along the Elbe to Pillnitz and Koenigstein, but also a part of Upper Lusatia, Silesia and Bohemia.

The stream, which flows through the village of Schönwald and rises about half an hour south of it, takes its course to Saxony, where it receives its name from the town of Gottleuba and pours into the Elbe at Pirna.   At the village Schönwald, next to the castle and above this place, there are 6 small ponds filled with trout.   The population is all devoted to the Catholic religion and speaks quite Teutsch.

Despite the harsh climate to which the mountain villages are subject, the soil is of such good quality and so easy to cultivate, that, with proper fertilization, it yields sufficiently abundant harvests of rye, oats and peas.   The flax here often reaches a height of almost 2 feet and is of proven quality.

Jungferndorf or Sandhöhe, ¾ hour east of Schönwald, between Nollendorf and Peterswald on the Teplitzer Chaussee (Reichsstraße) (located, is) a village founded only in 1805, has 22 houses with 98 inhabitants.   It got its name from the Jungfernwalde surrounding it.   Jungferndorf, commonly called Sandhübel in the general population, did not exist in 1787.   In 1813 it had 6 house numbers.   The other houses were built from 1819 to 1827, in 1848 it was 24, the number of inhabited houses had dropped in 1921 to 21.   In 1839 it is official: All these houses are on imperial grounds.   But because the leasehold issue has not yet been approved by the state, there are still no land registers for the place.  The inmates in the newly settled village of Jungferndorf had as interest for the stipulated amount annually in December 1 stroke ⁴ oats (9 Austrian pounds), provisionally to twelve years, to deliver to the stately bulk soil.

The chronicle then contains the names of the settlers, the places of their origin and the date of approval of the construction of “a house”.   Three came from Peterswald, two from Schoenwald, one from Streckenwald, one from Tyssa, and one each from Neumi from Nestomitz, Deutschneudörfel, Schüttemitz, Ulgersdorf, Bensen, Landshut in Silesia, Frohstadt in Prussian Poland, Schönau at Hainspach and Niedergrund.  Jungferndorf was enrolled to Nollendorf and eingepfarrt.

Track forest and Adolfsgrün

Stretch forest, which lay on the ridge of the Erzgebirge at 753 m altitude between Ebersdorf and Schoenwald, was also founded around 1230-1253, when King Wenzel promoted the colonization of the Ore Mountains.   The settlers came from Saxony, Thuringia and Silesia.   Streckenwald was first mentioned in a document on January 5, 1437, when Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg (1410-1437) lent the court of Streckenwald to Adolf Theler , who retained it for 50 years, with all accessories.

In 1487 already Streckenwald came to rule Graupen – nineteen years before Peterswald, Schoenwald and Nollendorf, which only came in 1506 and remained until the year 1579.   When in 1580 under Emperor Rudolf II(1576-1610) the rule Graupen was dissolved, bought the Imperial Councilor Melchior von Breitenbach the yard Streckenwald.   Six years later, the family from Steinbach Steinbach owner of the yard Streckenwald and united him with their estate in Schöbritz in Aussig.   After 42 years of belonging to Schöbritz sold after the death of Mr. von Steinbach widow Streckenwald in 1628 to the captainAlexander Regnier von Bleyleben , who was also the owner of the Geiersburg at Mariaschein.

Bleyleben was in the service of the Emperor.   It was he , the Count the captive and the Elector of Saxony delivered to the Emperor Colonel provincial judge in the uprising of the Bohemian nobility Joachim Andreas von Schlick , landlord of the elbow, brought to Prague, where he on 21 June 1621 as the first in Old Town Square was executed.   Captain Alexander Regnier von Bleyleben sold in 1655 the yard Streckenwald to the Count of Martinitz .   V on Martinitz had Streckewald for 32 years.   Afterwards Oktavian bought Karl Imperial Count von Cavriani1687 the yard Streckenwald, which in 1707 a son of the Count of Cavriani , Johann Ludwig von Cavriani , took over.   But even the counts of Cavriani did not stay long, because in 1725 the farm Streckenwald already had a new owner.   It was Josef von Hartig .   After his death in 1795, Johann Graf zu Stielar bought the yard Streckenwald.

In 1811, Count August Klemens Engelbert von Ledebur became the owner of Streckenwald.   He was followed in 1875 by Adolf von Ledebur .   He was the founder of Adolfsgrün.   From 1886 the owner of the farm was called the forest Franz von Ledebur , which was followed in 1893 as the last owner Johannes von Ledebur .

The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) brought many tribulations to the inhabitants of Streckenwald.   The Swedes moved through the village and plundered him.   But the Saxons, who made repeated raids to Bohemia, caused damage.   The population fled to the then dense forests of the Erzgebirge.   When the war ended, there were only 5 left in the forest of some thirty houses.   After the war, the place was rebuilt.   Its number of houses increased from 14 in 1654 to 101 in 1901.   This up-and-coming development of the town was interrupted in 1856 by a great conflagration.   It happened one evening , when in strong wind in the house No. 78 (atMeier-Korl ) broke out by imprudence a damage fire.   As most of the houses at that time were built only of Bindewerk (half timbered) and covered with thatch, the fire destroyed 26 houses and 2 barns.   As the new day dawned, the center of the village was in ruins.   However, this fire only briefly interrupted the development of the place.   Already in 1843 the school was built.   Previously, the house No. 41 ( Daniel-Hermann ) was taught.   Since 1772 there were house numbers in Streckenwald, as in all municipalities of the Danube monarchy.

Around 1654 the tavern (house no. 31) was built, the first tavern of Streckenwald, which often changed its owner and name.   It was a solid stone building arched on the ground floor with the rooms required for a tavern, namely the tavern with Nebenstübel, Kuchel, vestibule and cellars.   In the upper floor was a dance hall.   Barn and scuff were also available.   On August 30, 1762, the tavern belonging to the Schöbritz estate, the old tavern in Streckenwald, was sold to a Josef Beyl by Count Franz Buquoi in Prague . This included a piece of land demarcated by three rainstones from a stroke sowing. The purchase price was 540 florins    ⁵ (fl.) Rhenish.   As a deposit 100 fl. Were to be killed, the remainder should be redeemed in annual appointments to 50 florins.   The innkeeper was obliged to pay each barrel of beer, wine or brandy properly each time and to pay 39 cigarettes from each barrel to the authorities.   The beer was delivered free of charge to the donator by the robots and had to be served unadulterated, that is “undiluted”.   From elsewhere he was allowed to receive no drink, on punishment of 10 Reichstalers.   The innkeeper was instructed to keep the tavern in good condition.   The guests should be served the best.

Josef Beyl farmed the tavern until 1778, mostly under unfavorable circumstances.   For he often complained and repeatedly submitted complaints to the authorities in which he stated that he was no longer fit and unable to continue to operate, where everything had been taken from him by his wartime enemies.   The tavern would end up overflowing if it were not taken from him.   He threatened he would just have to let it go and go away, which then happened in the episode.

When the reign did not find any other innkeeper, the district judge was ordered to continue the donation house, if not with kindness, then with force!   Thus, the municipal judge had no choice but to comply.   Only he asked himself from rule against interest some stroke fields.   This request was granted to him, and he was lent ten marks Triesch from the old willow pasture, the old Kühetreibe, provisionally for two years without interest.

Until 1850, the old tavern was the only local inn in Streckenwald.   At the beginning of the 1850s, a second beer tavern was opened by owner and barkeeper Karl Hacker at No. 69 (the hacker ) . The landlord also had the right to butcher and bake. The tavern was the place where all announcements and official acts took place. The last owner was the brewery Aussig, the last tenant was Albert Marzin . The concession expired with this tenant in 1936. She had served as an inn for 282 years. After 1945, the Streckenwalder were expelled from their homes and the old tavern,            how later the whole place, razed to the ground.

As already mentioned, Adolfsgrün was founded in 1833 by Count Adolf von Ledebur as a forestry village and named after him.   It was located south of Streckenwald on the crest of the Erzgebirge at 750 m altitude.  Originally it had 10 houses.   In 1944 there were still 8 houses and the forester’s lodge.   The population was 30 souls.   Politically Adolfsgrün belonged to the municipality Streckenwald.   The last responsible post office was Tellnitz.   Adolfsgrün was to Ebersdorf eingepfarrt, the children went to Streckenwald to school.   The Zechbergbaude at the southern end of the village, which stands on Ebersdorfer Grund, belonged to Scheithauserrestaurant, which was also called “Fichtelschänke” .  The Waldbad was located at the northern end of Berghofe Waldesruh.

Adolfsgrün was a well-known winter sports resort.   The ski meadow was visited by the Aussiger youth much.   A stately ski jump had been built here, the nearby Zechberg attracted many skiers.   With its mountain road of Tellnitz, which resembles the Semmering road, and the beautiful “Winterleitenweg”, Adolfsgrün developed into a popular excursion point and health resort.